• As retinol was not inducing any of the isoforms

  2019-07-25

  

  As retinol was not inducing any of the isoforms of CYP450 responsible for the bioactivation of paracetamol, we decided to examine retinol\'s effect on renal and hepatic glutathione to determine whether retinol was potentiating hepatotoxicity through a mechanism of glutathione depletion. Studies, uti

• On the basis of the published articles it

  2019-07-24

  

  On the basis of the published articles, it is known that chemokines are produced by leukocytes and tissue cells, constitutively or after induction. Chemokines are responsible for the recruitment of leukocytes to maintain proper functioning of the immune system [14]. They exist in the central nervous

• Besides the regulation of the stress

  2019-07-24

  

  Besides the regulation of the stress responses, CRF and the urocortins have been implicated in drug addiction (Bruijnzeel and Gold, 2005, Sarnyai et al., 2001). For instance nicotine, the addictive substance of tobacco, can activate the HPA axis, just like any other stressor may do, although its imp

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Anxiety and depression a

  2019-07-24

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Anxiety and depression are major components of maintaining the cycle of addiction, and are responsible for the negative reinforcement of drug seeking behaviors (Sarnyai et al., 1995, Koob and Le Moal, 2008). Both rats and humans exhibit increased anxiety states du

• br Regulation of p via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway

  2019-07-24

  

  Regulation of p53 via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway Studies into regulation of p53 via PTM processes that involve phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, neddylation, and methylation are being increasingly reported [23], [24]. Phosphorylation and acetylation of p53 stimulate

• Resistance to SP is linked to point mutations

  2019-07-24

  

  Resistance to SP is linked to point mutations that accumulate at several sites in the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) paf receptor of P. falciparum (Roper et al., 2003). These mutations have been identified in codons 16, 51, 59, 108, and 164 in the dhfr gene and c

• Collectively the results presented here provide new insights

  2019-07-24

  

  Collectively, the results presented here provide new insights into ligand binding, clustering, spatial distribution, and phosphorylation of DDR1b and DDR2 in response to soluble collagen I. As depicted in the cartoon of Scheme 1, we postulate a model in which the spatial distribution and assembly of

• br Materials and methods br

  2019-07-24

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In the present study, as a trial to evaluate the marine ciliate E. crassus for further studies, its susceptibilities to B[a]P and β-NF were measured. Acute toxicity of B[a]P in aquatic organisms has been extensively studied, but not enough data is av

• Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus is

  2019-07-24

  

  Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is an important species farmed worldwide (Doan et al., 2018). Lipid-rich diets are commonly used in Nile tilapia aquaculture to reduce feed cost, but impair lipid homeostasis (Huang et al., 2016). Therefore, it is important to determine whether forskolin can stim

• The following is the supplementary data related to

  2019-07-24

  

  The following is the supplementary data related to this article. Funding This work was supported by departmental funding to Prof. Mühl. Funding derived from the State of Hessia to the Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology at the pharmazentrum frankfurt (Head: Prof. Josef Pfeilschifter

• br Results br Discussion br Experimental

  2019-07-24

  

  Results Discussion Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction Excitatory synaptic transmission within the brain is largely mediated by ionotropic glutamate receptors. At glutamatergic synapses, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionic apexbio

• Wu et al explored the anti

  2019-07-24

  

  Wu et al. explored the anti-inflammatory mechanisms by which osthole 35 acted on HepG2 cells cultured in a differentiated medium from cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells. HepG2 cells, a human liver cell line, were treated with various concentrations of osthole 35 in differentiated media from cultured

• Digoxigenin-11-dUTP How does APC C recognize its substrates

  2019-07-24

  

  How does APC/C recognize its substrates and catalyze their ubiquitylation? How are the outcomes and timing of these activities regulated? These questions have driven a decade of structural studies that begin to explain how APC/C interacts with coactivators, substrates, and E2s, and how these interac

• sphk Our results from neutropenic mice

  2019-07-23

  

  Our results from neutropenic mice infected with both fungal strains revealed that the inflammatory process was more severe 72hours post-infection (Fig. 4). Angioinvasion was mainly observed 48hours after infection for both strains. Transformation of A. fumigatus conidia into hyphae in immunocompeten

• br DDR mediated signaling DDRs initiate signaling

  2019-07-23

  

  DDR-mediated signaling DDRs initiate signaling pathways in a context and cell type-dependent manner. For instance, DDR1 was reported to activate ERK in vascular smooth muscle rac1 inhibitor (Lu et al., 2011), to inhibit ERK in mesangial cells (Curat and Vogel, 2002), and to have no effect on ERK

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