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br Materials and methods br Results br
2019-10-04
Materials and methods Results Discussion Macrophages and dendritic cells respond to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands by upregulating CH25H expression [4], [5]. In the latter cell type TLR-dependent upregulation is mediated via a signalling pathway that involves NFκB and IFNβ secretion and c
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In addition to G coupling it is
2019-10-04
In addition to Gα coupling, it is important to consider that the transition from goal-directed to habitual drug taking also relies on striatal D2R-A2AR heterodimers. Following cocaine self-administration, D2R-A2AR density is increased in the NAc, leading to greater antagonism of the inhibitory (anti
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br Concluding remarks A crucial step in the microbial degrad
2019-10-04
Concluding remarks A crucial step in the microbial degradation of steroids is the 1(2)-dehydrogenation of the steroid nucleus by FAD-dependent Δ1-KSTDs. This step is required to initiate the opening of the steroid nucleus under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. A large variety of steroid-deg
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Expression of DDR in endothelial cells has been previously
2019-10-04
Expression of DDR1 in endothelial cells has been previously described in human corneal blood vessels, and more recently, in murine atherosclerotic plaques (Franco et al., 2008, Mohan et al., 2001). So far, there is a lack of evidence for DDR1 expression in endothelial cells in the mouse WM-1119 (Fra
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A topological property P is said
2019-10-04
A topological property P is said to be cut point hereditary [3] if whenever a space X has property P, then, for every there exists some separation of such that each of and has property P. A space X is called connected ordered topological space (COTS) [5] if it is connected and has the property
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The four other mutations S T V I T
2019-10-04
The four other mutations (S281T, V317I, T328A and A329S) were not detected in the absence of the A286S. This could suggest that when all of them are present, there would be a tri-dimensional structural modification that would interfere with the binding of the insecticide and produce different levels
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Interestingly anti inflammatory actions for sPLA V
2019-10-04
Interestingly, anti-inflammatory actions for sPLA2-V were also described in mice a few years ago in a model of autoimmune complex mediated arthritis [148]. A novel mechanism was delineated, whereby sPLA2-V promotes phagocytosis of immune complexes by macrophages to ameliorate inflammation in autoimm
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Biochemically the primary function of PPIP K is
2019-10-04
Biochemically, the primary function of PPIP5K2 is 1-kinase-mediated phosphorylation of 5-IP7 to form 1,5-IP8 (Shears, 2018). To a lesser extent, PPIP5K2 also phosphorylates IP6 to produce 1-IP7. Furthermore, PPIP5K2 has been shown to catalyze a reverse reaction, that is, dephosphorylation of 1,5-IP8
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br Expression and Tissue Functions of DDRs The DDRs are
2019-10-04
Expression and Tissue Functions of DDRs The DDRs are widely expressed in different tissues, both during development and in adult organisms. DDR1 mRNA is found in many tissues in mice and humans, with high levels in brain, lung, kidney, spleen, and placenta (Di Marco et al., 1993, Johnson et al.,
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Polymorphism of the CD gene also affected the
2019-10-04
Polymorphism of the CD226 gene also affected the progression rate without any significant effect on autoantibody formation. This gene has been reported to be a common genetic factor in multiple autoimmune diseases such as SLE, systemic sclerosis and type 1 diabetes [43]. CD226 is an immunoglobulin s
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A great deal of research has focused on candidate
2019-10-03
A great deal of research has focused on candidate medications to modulate dopaminergic mechanisms through which psychomotor stimulants produce addictive effects, i.e., drugs that expressly target the DA transporter, D1-like receptor, or D2-like receptors., , However, effective dopaminergic-based ph
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The quaternary structure of many of
2019-10-03
The quaternary structure of many of the family B members (i.e., secretin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide and PF-477736 receptors) have been actively studied and it has been demonstrated that they can form homodimers/oligomers (Gao et al., 2009; Ng & Chow, 2015; Ng, Lee, & Chow, 2013). Harikumar, Pi
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br Four active site residues of KSTD are fully conserved
2019-10-03
Four active site residues of Δ1-KSTD1 are fully conserved in Δ1-KSTDs from different species (Supplementary Figure S2). These residues are Tyr-119, Tyr-487, and Gly-491 from the FAD-binding domain and Tyr-318 from the catalytic domain. The structure of the Δ1-KSTD1•ADD complex revealed that the hy
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br Sphingosine kinase One of the enzymes closely
2019-10-03
Sphingosine kinase One of the enzymes closely related to DGKs are the sphingosine kinases (SKs). These enzymes catalyze the conversion of sphingosine (Sph) to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). SKs and DGKs are closely related lipid kinase in term of basic enzymology and the mechanism of regulation a
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In mammals neutrophil elastase is a trypsin like
2019-10-02
In mammals, neutrophil elastase is a trypsin-like serine protease stored in the azurophilic granules of naïve neutrophils [15], [16]. The catalytic activity of neutrophil elastase relies on a His57–Asp102–Ser195 triad (chymotrypsin numbering system) that functions by transfer of electrons from the c
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