• Although several genomic technologies including the generati

  2020-02-04

  

  Although several genomic technologies, including the generation of ERRγ-specific knockout mice, have revealed that ERRγ plays a pivotal role in cellular bioenergetics [1], its involvement in other metabolic pathways has been appreciated only recently. Therefore, we highlight recent findings on the

• br Acknowledgments br Casein kinases CK are

  2020-02-03

  

  Acknowledgments Casein kinases (CK) are serine/threonine-specific enzymes and can be divided two subtypes: casein kinase 1 (CK1) and casein kinase 2 (CK2). CK1 contains at least seven isoforms (α, β, γ1, γ2, γ3, δ and ε) expressed in eukaryotic organisms, CK1 is involved in various cellular pro

• br Discussion br Conflicts of

  2020-02-03

  

  Discussion Conflicts of interest Acknowledgment Introduction Ewing\'s sarcoma (EWS) is a bone cancer arising mostly in children. In 1921, EWS was originally described as “diffuse endothelioma of bone” by Dr. James R. Ewing, an American pathologist [1]. In 1992, Ewing sarcoma breakpoint r

• br PFL AE as a model for the

  2020-02-03

  

  PFL-AE as a model for the GRE–AEs Most of the GRE–AEs have proven difficult to study due to instability, difficulty in overexpression, lability of the iron-sulfur cluster, or other reasons. PFL-AE is the exception, and after the initial discovery of the iron–sulfur cluster in this enzyme [60], co

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions br Acknow

  2020-02-03

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies for women worldwide, representing approximately 22% of women’s malignancies that pose a threat to women’s health [[1], [2], [3], [4]]. The morbidity rate of brea

• br The central role of DNA

  2020-02-03

  

  The central role of DNA-PK in the NHEJ NHEJ can be divided in several steps (Fig. 1A): 1) recognition and binding of Ku at each ends of the DSB following by the assembly of the DNA-PK at the break points and bridging; 2) phosphorylation of the DNA ends by DNA-PKcs; 3) ligation of the ends by DNA

• Moreover maintaining the pyrimidine pool

  2020-02-03

  

  Moreover, maintaining the pyrimidine pool is not the only important role played by DHODHs. In Toxoplasma gondii, for instance, DHODH plays a second essential function [38] possibly coupled to the mitochondrial respiratory activity, where it replenishes ubiquinol levels and prevents reactive oxygen s

• Kluveromyces lactisSimilar to S cerevisiae K lactis

  2020-02-03

  

  Kluveromyces lactisSimilar to S. cerevisiae, K. lactis is a facultative anaerobic respiratory yeast, which lacks Complex I in its mitochondrial respiratory chain. However, both yeasts differ regarding their respiratory-fermentative metabolism as K. lactis exhibits a greater use of the pentose phosph

• Under conditions of energy scarcity or nutritional restricti

  2020-02-03

  

  Under conditions of energy scarcity or nutritional restriction, AMPK, a critical energy sensor, is activated in response to the increased ratio of AMP to ATP. Various kinases may phosphorylate AMPK, leading to its activation. For example, AMPK phosphorylation by liver kinase B 1 (LKB1) at Thr172 res

• From our array results Supplemental Fig

  2020-02-03

  

  From our array results (Supplemental Fig. S2), we found that differential lncRNA profiling exhibited much greater disparity compared to differential gene profiling in CD28nullCD8+ T cells, indicating that differentially expressed lncRNA(s) would serve as ideal hallmarks. Moreover, we were fortunate

• MdHCLB channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes produced curren

  2020-02-03

  

  MdHCLB channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes produced currents in response to HA and GABA (Fig. 1, Fig. 3). This is in agreement with the findings with Drosophila HCLB channels (Gisselmann et al., 2004). In the HA concentration-response curves, the effects of GABA were additive to those of HA only i

• In mammals neutrophil elastase is

  2020-02-03

  

  In mammals, neutrophil elastase is a trypsin-like serine protease stored in the azurophilic granules of naïve neutrophils [15], [16]. The catalytic activity of neutrophil elastase relies on a His57–Asp102–Ser195 triad (chymotrypsin numbering system) that functions by transfer of electrons from the c

• ID-8 We not only found that the ISR leads to

  2020-02-03

  

  We not only found that the ISR leads to attenuation of conventional cap-dependent translation with no change in RAN translation of the G4C2 expanded repeat, but also that GA translation from the expanded repeat (but not from 5 G4C2 repeats, perhaps because the protein product does not aggregate) is

• In this review focusing on biocatalyst formate dehydrogenase

  2020-02-03

  

  In this review, focusing on biocatalyst “formate dehydrogenase FDH” catalyzing both of the formic XCT790 oxidation to CO2 and the CO2 reduction to formic acid, representative examples of properties, types, structure of active-site of FDH and, reaction mechanism of formic acid oxidation and CO2 redu

• br Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cancer

  2020-01-30

  

  Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα, “wild-type” estrogen receptor), encoded by the estrogen receptor1 (ESR1) gene, is expressed in approximately 70% of all breast cancers. Hormonal therapy ha

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