• The glycolytic pathway is a catabolic

  2021-05-07

  

  The glycolytic pathway is a catabolic route that ends with the synthesis of pyruvate (Pyr). In Arabidopsis embryos, the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to Pyr, catalyzed by pyruvate kinase (PK), is mainly located in the plastids [10], [11]. The preceding reaction is catalyzed by enolase (ENO

• br Conflict of interest statement br Introduction Endothelin

  2021-05-07

  

  Conflict of interest statement Introduction Endothelins (ETs) are a family of multifunctional, naturally occurring peptides with long-lasting vasoconstrictor and pressor effects (Zhou et al., 2004). They are synthesized as a large protein, the pre-proET-1 or Big ET-1, which is subsequently cle

• The enantiomeric ratio ER of chiral compounds accumulated in

  2021-05-07

  

  The enantiomeric ratio (ER) of chiral compounds accumulated in organisms has been found to be different among species (Borga and Bidleman, 2005, Harner et al., 1999, Warner et al., 2005, Wiberg et al., 2000), indicating enantioselective accumulation of chiral compounds are species-specific. The ER o

• Recently a method for in vivo photoactivation of cells expre

  2021-05-07

  

  Recently, a method for in vivo photoactivation of capmatinib expressing PA-GFP in precise microanatomical compartments was described (Victora et al., 2010), which makes it possible to optically mark Tfh cells and track them 20 hr later (Shulman et al., 2013). Unexpectedly, it was reported that Tfh c

• br Conflict of interests br Introduction Ubiquitylation is a

  2021-05-07

  

  Conflict of interests Introduction Ubiquitylation is a post-translational modification which impacts almost every biological process in the cell. Dysregulation of the ubiquitylation pathway is associated with several diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and immunological dy

• Taken together these assays demonstrate that SUMOD

  2021-05-07

  

  Taken together, these assays demonstrate that SUMOD positioning is essential for all E3 ligases but dispensable for E2 and S*E2 sumoylation reactions. Thus, we propose SUMOD positioning as a key criterion to describe the enzymatic function of SUMO E3 ligases that distinguishes them from other enhanc

• Since both the Ub and ISG systems are crucial for

  2021-05-07

  

  Since both the Ub and ISG15 systems are crucial for the innate immune response, many prokaryotic and viral pathogens have evolved ways to hijack them in order to create a “window-of-opportunity” for efficient replication. Several viral and bacterial proteins have been found to directly target these

• Valproic acid VPA is a first line treatment for epilepsy

  2021-05-07

  

  Valproic Capecitabine (VPA) is a first-line treatment for epilepsy and bipolar disorder, although its therapeutic mechanism of action is not fully understood. Considerable evidence suggests that VPA can act through the GABAergic system, NMDA receptors, and/or sodium channels (for review, see Löscher

• DNA methylation is associated with transcriptional silencing

  2021-05-07

  

  DNA methylation is associated with transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressors or other genes important for normal cellular function and plays an important role in the development of cancer and other diseases (such as breast and colorectal cancers) [19]. DNA methyltransferases (MTases) are a fami

• In rats exposed to day of

  2021-05-06

  

  In rats exposed to 1 day of nicotine withdrawal (24 h after the last nicotine administration) we expected a decrease of general locomotor activity and a decrease of global striatal dopamine release, which were assessed in a previous study following 14 days of nicotine exposure and 24 h of nicotine w

• Khan et al investigatedAnomalin a

  2021-05-06

  

  Khan et al. investigatedAnomalin 44, a pyranocoumarin constituent of S. divaricata, which exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity. The anomalin 44 dose-dependently inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA and protein expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7

• Since PTKs are involved in numerous aspects of cell

  2021-05-06

  

  Since PTKs are involved in numerous aspects of cell function, their regulation is critical for cell survival and function. The carboxyl-terminal tyrosine of Src-family PTKs is a key site of regulation. Phosphorylation on this carboxyl-terminal tyrosine contributes to the induction of a conformationa

• Of all ES cases approximately are metastatic diseases

  2021-05-06

  

  Of all ES cases, approximately 26–28% are metastatic diseases at diagnosis with the remainder being localized disease [14]. Instituting a systemic chemotherapy regimen in combination with surgery and/or radiotherapy has significantly increased the survival of patients with localized disease. The 5-y

• PGE EP activation has been found

  2021-05-06

  

  PGE2-EP4 activation has been found to attenuate the activation of microglia and to prevent lipid peroxidation and pro-inflammatory gene expression in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced SB742457 inflammation [15]. Moreover, PGE2/EP4 signaling has elicited a protective function in redu

• Phosphate Colorimetric Assay Kit mg The Penicillium strain u

  2021-05-06

  

  The Penicillium strain used in this work was isolated from Atlantic forest soil and previously screened as lipase producer (Tauk-Tornisielo et al., 2005). The immobilization was previously evaluated using hydrophobic supports, i.e. agarose based butyl-(But), phenyl-(Phe) and octyl-Sepharose (Oct), a

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