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In addition researchers studying GPR agonists favor the deve
2022-01-25
In addition, researchers studying GPR119 agonists favor the developing of candidate drugs that are more potent than DPP-4 inhibitors given that the latter are moderate agents in the treatment of DM. Although it Atractyloside Dipotassium Salt is unclear why Sanofi-Aventis chose to terminate collabor
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The activation of the ERK
2022-01-25
The activation of the ERK pathway may participate in the sensitization of primary afferents in pain transmission (Ji et al., 2009, Lai et al., 2011); the blockade of ERK activation in the DRG can decrease mechanical and heat hypersensitivity in inflammatory pain. IL-10 can inhibit phosphorylation of
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This resembles a vicious cycle since
2022-01-24
This resembles a vicious cycle since BBB disruption and inflammation are thought to be caused by epilepsy, but other contributing factors are also known to be their cause, such as peripheral infection, autoimmunity, dexamethasone acetate trauma and stroke that also underlie epilepsy [18]. Additiona
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Administration of a fructose rich diet to
2022-01-24
Administration of a fructose-rich diet to normal rats induces insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, depending on treatment duration [23]. We have shown that development of these abnormalities as well as fat deposit in liver, are effectively prevented by co-administration of
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At present many methods have been applied
2022-01-24
At present, many methods have been applied for multiple detection. For example, T-5224 [[9], [10], [11]] is frequently used to detect multiple targets because of its exquisite sensitivity and specificity, but it is difficult to design experiments to test short-length oligonucleotides. Electrochemica
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GSK621 In a recent study Neelaveni et al
2022-01-24
In a recent study, Neelaveni et al. [47] revealed that new thiazolidinedione derivatives (Fig. 6 a and 6 b) produced dual PPARγ and FFAR1 agonistic activity at micromolar concentrations with insulin sensitizing effects and enhanced insulin secretion from the pancreas. These derivatives were reported
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Moreover studies on subcellular localization of FBPase in ca
2022-01-24
Moreover, studies on subcellular localization of FBPase in carp heart and smooth muscle revealed nuclear localization of the enzyme. Previously, we have unequivocally demonstrated the presence of FBPase in the nuclei of mammalian cardiomyocytes (Gizak and Dzugaj, 2003) and myocytes (Gizak et al., 20
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The ability to metastasize is the defining character of
2022-01-24
The ability to metastasize is the defining character of a cancer and the leading cause for resultant mortality. It is hypothesized that a rare subset of cancer cells, often operationally referred to as “cancer stem cells” (CSCs), are responsible for sustaining cancer metastasis and recurrence [1]. T
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The H autoreceptors distributed mainly in the
2022-01-24
The H3 autoreceptors distributed mainly in the CNS act as a negative feedback on histamine synthesis and release from histaminergic neurons. Histamine is involved in many physiological functions such as sleep-wake regulation, circadian and feeding rhythm, thermal regulation, locomotion, learning, co
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The molecular mechanism of gliotransmitter release
2022-01-24
The molecular mechanism of gliotransmitter release is not fully understood until now, and previous studies have emphasized that the elevation of [Ca2+]i triggers vesicular Oxipurinol of glutamate. Parpura et al. reported that the essential role of Ca2+ release from internal stores in glutamate rele
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The synthesis of target compound RS C is illustrated
2022-01-24
The synthesis of target compound (RS)-C02 is illustrated as Scheme 2. Compound (RS)-3 was synthesized as reported procedures [40] and then reacted with ethyl piperidine-4-carboxylate to yield (RS)-C01, which subsequently was converted to target molecule (RS)-C02 by performing a nucleophilic substitu
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br Introduction Excitatory pyramidal neurons
2022-01-24
Introduction Excitatory pyramidal neurons are generated in the cortical ventricular zone and migrate into the cortical plate alongside the radial glial processes (Chanas-Sacre et al., 2000, Hartfuss et al., 2001, Noctor et al., 2001, Rakic, 1972, Tan et al., 1998). Neuronal migration determines t
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Dendritic damage and loss of synaptic connections correlate
2022-01-24
Dendritic damage and loss of synaptic connections correlate with cognitive decline in HAND patients. Synapse loss induced by HIV proteins occurs early and via a different signaling pathway from that leading to neuronal death (Kim et al., 2008), suggesting that synapse loss might be a mechanism to re
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In the brain hydrolysis of AG by MGL
2022-01-24
In the brain, hydrolysis of 2-AG by MGL is the primary source of AA for conversion to PGs by cyclooxygenase (Nomura et al., 2011). PGE2 production is required for IL-1β-evoked synapse loss (Mishra et al., 2012). Here, we tested whether decreased PG levels contributed to the synapse protective effect
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Furthermore we argued that an inability to
2022-01-21
Furthermore, we argued that an inability to encode or monitor the temporal sequence of events or episodes in order to discriminate between other similar or related events (encoding what-happened-when) could result in an increased susceptibility to proactive interference and, thus, in principle expla
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