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In an effort to determine if one ARI
2024-12-30

In an effort to determine if one 5ARI was more effective than the other, the Enlarged Prostate International Comparator Study (EPICS) [17] compared treatment with finasteride and dutasteride in 1630 men over the age of 50 and concluded that after one year of treatment, both groups had statistically
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From our in vivo studies and
2024-12-27

From our in vivo studies and previously reported findings [25], we have found that orteronel possesses excellent oral BA. Indeed, single oral dosing of orteronel at doses of 0.3–10.0mg/kg decreased serum DHEA levels in a dose-dependent manner. Of interest, DHEA levels did not return to levels compar
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Although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood
2024-12-27

Although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, IGF-1 is tightly linked with ER and estrogen actions and a crosstalk occurs between these two systems in breast cancer. To illustrate this close relationship, studies have identified a synergy between IGF-1 and estrogen in EMD638683 expressing
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The relationship between the apelinergic and opioid
2024-12-27

The relationship between the apelinergic and opioid systems has been previously reported (Lv et al., 2011, Yang et al., 2010). Lv and colleagues showed that naloxone has a suppressive effect on apelin-induced depression-like behavior in mice (Lv et al., 2012a). Furthermore, heterodimerization of GPC
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These PrPIF are detected in untreated brain extracts but
2024-12-27

These PrPIF are detected in untreated LY2603618 extracts but are consistently enriched following proteinase K (PK) treatment. The biochemical characterization of pathologic PrP has been carried out in most hereditary PrP cerebral amyloidosis associated with PrP mutations and the biochemical PrP pat
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atpase inhibitor Another hypothesis is angiogenesis inhibiti
2024-12-27

Another hypothesis is angiogenesis inhibition. Angiogenesis is a process that involves the growth, migration and differentiation of endothelial atpase inhibitor to form new blood vessels. Angiogenesis favorably influences tumor growth and also influences tumor invasion of vessels, resulting in tumor
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br Concluding remarks br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgm
2024-12-27

Concluding remarks Conflict of interest Acknowledgment This work was supported by the H.E.B. Endowed Chair in Marine Science (to P.T.) and University of Texas Marine Science Institute endowment-supported scholarships (to A.C). Introduction Disorders of sex development (DSD) are defined
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The numbers and types of molecules needing to
2024-12-27

The numbers and types of molecules needing to be transported across membranes are very large, and there is a corresponding very large and diverse number of transporters expressed throughout the body. Hundreds of proteins that have been assigned as having transporter function are broadly divided into
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To validate the identified phosphorylation sites in
2024-12-27

To validate the identified phosphorylation sites in the mouse heart, we analyzed HEK 293T Vincristine sulfate transfected with Adrb1 based on the hypothesis that protein residues phosphorylated both in vivo and in vitro are more likely to be physiologically relevant. All of the phosphorylation sites
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br Introduction Adenosine deaminase ADA also known as
2024-12-26

Introduction Adenosine deaminase (ADA), also known as adenosine aminohydrolase, is a key enzyme involved in the purine metabolism that converts adenosine to inosine irreversibly (Lupidi et al., 1997). It is a zinc containing metalloenzyme present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In humans ADA
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Regarding brain tumors AXL has
2024-12-26

Regarding IRAK inhibitor 1 tumors, AXL has been implicated in gliomagenesis and chemoresistance [39]. Previous investigations found that AXL is constitutively phosphorylated in many glioma cell lines, murine xenograft tumors and primary patient tumor samples [40]. Immunohistochemical analysis of AX
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In bacteria H gler et al Kanao et al a
2024-12-26

In bacteria (Hügler et al., 2007, Kanao et al., 2001), a glaucophyte alga (Ma et al., 2001), green algae/land plants (Fatland et al., 2002), and filamentous fungi (Nowrousian et al., 2000), ACL enzyme activity requires ACLA, and ACLB (referred to here as dual-subunit ACL, or dsACL) (Kanao et al., 20
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Calcineurin has been established to be
2024-12-26

Calcineurin has been established to be a ubiquitous Ca2+-activated serine phosphatase in the nervous system (Pyrzynska et al., 2001). It has been reported that the activation of calcineurin protects aromatase from autophagy-mediated protein degradation, implying that calcineurin-dependent dephosphor
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MHC class II antigen (45-57) [Homo sapiens] br Author contri
2024-12-26

Author contribution Acknowledgement Introduction Since the initial finding of Gould et al. [1], showing the loss of dendritic spines in the hippocampus after ovariectomy and its rescue after treatment of the animals with estradiol, a tremendous number of studies have demonstrated a role of
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The reduction of heterodimerization of KOR and
2024-12-26

The reduction of heterodimerization of KOR and APJ by both doses of apelin found in the present study may result in inducing protective effects of apelin on the myocardium imposed to high pressure in renovascular hypertension conditions. The finding that apelin in both doses reduced heterodimerizati
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