• As an alternative to chronic

  2023-02-08

  

  As an alternative to chronic receptor blockade, we have been targeting adenosine kinase (ADK) – an astrocyte-based enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of adenosine, as a means to modify 2hcl adenosinergic signalling (Boison, 2006, Etherington et al., 2009). Up-regulating ADK facilitates the c

• br Results br Discussion The actin

  2023-02-08

  

  Results Discussion The in turn cytoskeleton is a highly attractive target for many bacterial toxins, owing to its role in activation and locomotion of immune cells, secretion of humoral response factors, and maintenance of protective barriers at the cellular (sub-membrane cytoskeleton) and or

• br Introduction In myasthenia gravis MG autoantibodies again

  2023-02-08

  

  Introduction In myasthenia gravis (MG), autoantibodies against the native AChR conformation cause loss of AChR at the neuromuscular junction and fatigable muscle weakness (Newsom-Davis et al., 1993). The AChR is a pentameric transmembrane protein, with two splice forms of the α-subunit, P3A− and

• Interestingly a homolog of C elegans acr

  2023-02-08

  

  Interestingly, a homolog of C. elegans acr-23 is present in the A. suum BADGE (Jex et al., 2011). However, A. suum is not susceptible to monepantel treatment in vivo (Tritten et al., 2011). Our research seeks to advance knowledge on the mode of action of monepantel on nAChRs from Clade III (A. suum

• br Introduction S http www apexbt com

  2023-02-08

  

  Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a group of systemic autoimmune disorders characterized by anti-nuclear brompheniramine maleate (ANA), rashes and photosensitivity, joint inflammation, nephritis, and other clinical criteria. SLE develops through the breakdown of three major check

• br ATX LPA pathway in

  2023-02-08

  

  ATX–LPA pathway in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis Several animal models have been used to characterize the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis and to test new therapeutic strategies. The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model (Courtenay et al., 1980, Luross and Williams, 2

• GSK 0660 The tumor suppressor function of LOX in

  2023-02-08

  

  The tumor-suppressor function of 15-LOX-2 in normal prostate epithelial cells may be explained by the induction of replicative senescence [14,15]. Thus, 15-LOX-2 is overexpressed in age-dependent prostatic hyperplasia, but cell senescence may hinder progression to malignant transformation. Notwithst

• Introduction Apoptosis signal regulating kinase ASK a family

  2023-02-08

  

  Introduction Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a family member of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family, selectively activates the JNK and p38 MAP kinase pathways in response to various types of stresses, including oxidative stress, and subsequently indu

• br Concluding remarks The past decade

  2023-02-08

  

  Concluding remarks The past decade has seen rapid advances in our understanding of the metabolic reprogramming that occurs during tumorigenesis. Strategies to target specific nodes of cancer cell amino Cy3 azide metabolism have progressed from preclinical studies to clinical trials, and are show

• Aberrant or a sustained activation of AhR signaling

  2023-02-07

  

  Aberrant or a sustained activation of AhR signaling pathway, triggered by exogenous toxic ligands such as dioxins, PAHs or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), is a well-described biological process engaged during tumor initiation and/or promotion in various tissues (e.g. liver, lung, skin)(reviewed in

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements The

  2023-02-07

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Mrs. Amparo Pacheco from CMPL, PUC, for her technical and secretarial assistance. This work was supported by the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT 1150344, 1050377, 11150083), and the Direccioń

• Urolithin A When added to the culture

  2023-02-07

  

  When added to the culture medium, extracellular ATP is metabolized into adenosine by ectonucleotidases, and ARs are then activated by adenosine with concentrations in the micromolar range [27]. However, our study showed that activation of ARs by exogenous adenosine could not induce the odontoblastic

• GMF was later localized to the cytosol of primary astrocytes

  2023-02-07

  

  GMFβ was later localized to the cytosol of primary astrocytes and glioma cell lines [67], prompting investigations into its involvement in intracellular signaling. It was found that PKA phosphorylation of GMFβ inhibits the ERK1/2 branch of the MAP kinase pathway [73], yet activates the stress-respon

• Based on the observation that

  2023-02-07

  

  Based on the observation that antipsychotic drugs increase 5-HT1A–D2 heteromerization level (Łukasiewicz et al., 2016), we set out to compare the effect of paroxetine to that of risperidone. Paroxetine, a potent SSRI, is very effective in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders, e.g., gene

• The tumor suppressor function of

  2023-02-07

  

  The tumor-suppressor function of 15-LOX-2 in normal prostate epithelial cells may be explained by the induction of replicative senescence [14,15]. Thus, 15-LOX-2 is overexpressed in age-dependent prostatic hyperplasia, but cell senescence may hinder progression to malignant transformation. Notwithst

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